Incidence of skeletal deformities in induced triploid rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)

Due to the cytogenetic incompatibility, triploid fish are usually infertile and are not affected by a decline in growth, survival and meat quality, which accompanies the process of sexual maturation in diploid specimens. Thus, artificial triploidization has been proposed for fish production in the case of species with early sexual maturation, such as rainbow trout. However, the use of this technique is limited by increased ratios of skeletal deformities observed in triploid specimens. The main objective of this research was to compare the proportion and variety of body abnormalities in diploid and triploid 14-month-old rainbow trout from commercial stocks, using external body shape examination, radiography and whole-mount skeletal staining. Individuals with externally observed body deformities (scoliosis, humpback, shortened tail and jaw deformities) accounted for 0.45% of the diploid stock and 3.83% of the triploid stock. X-rays and whole-mount skeletal staining of deformed individuals showed spine deformities, including compressions and fusions of vertebrae. Abnormalities observed in diploid and triploid rainbow trout examined during this study were non-lethal, however, they may negatively affect the condition of fish. Fish with skeletal deformities are not aesthetically pleasing, thus an increased ratio of such deformations in fish produced for commercial purposes may result in real economic losses.

Conclusion

The presented study indicates that triploid rainbow trout individuals obtained through the HHP shock exhibited more body deformities than diploids. Compared to studies on other triploid species, the deformity rate in the triploid rainbow trout examined in this study was relatively low (3.83%). The most common deformities observed in triploid individuals were vertebral compression in the pre-hemal region, resulting in the humpback phenotype, and vertebral compression in the hemal and caudal regions, resulting in shortened tails in these individuals. Although the triploid rainbow trout from the examined stock showed an increased ratio of deformed specimens, differences between triploid and diploid individuals under these conditions were small, which, given the profits related to sterility of triploid fish, makes this method efficient in the aquaculture of rainbow trout from the farm under study.

Acknowledgements

We thank Stefan Dobosz and Rafał Rożyński from the Department of Salmonid Research, Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Rutki, for their technical assistance during the experiment.

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